Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Nama            : Indah Faridah
Kelas            : 4EA15
NPM             : 13209454
Mata Kuliah : Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2 (Softskill)
Tugas            : Tulisan Bebas

Hallo. This is only a set of articles, the legend and stories about me. You want to know? oops  ~

This is an article about global warming…

“Global Warming Could Affect Arctic Storms”

Climate changes brought on by global warming could lead to less frequent Arctic storms known as polar lows, British scientists said Wednesday. Polar lows form in ice-free high latitudes in the North Atlantic during the winter and can cause havoc om ship and oil rigs. There was an average 36 storms per season during the 20^th century, according to climatologist at the University of Reading. That number could fall to between 17 and 23 per season, depending on concentration of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Matthias Zahn, of the Environmental Systems Science Center at Reading, told AFP “There would be roughly only half as many (polar lows) in future.” The reason for the decline lies in a change in the differnce in temprature between the ocean surface and the mid-atmosphere. This differential is what causes a polar low to develop. Altering the difference hinders the storm’s formation, according to the paper, released by the British science journal nature.

The UN’s intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has three scenarios that are used to simulate greenhouse-gas emissions. Zhan said further work was underway to simulate polar lows in the northern Pacific.

The story about me…

I’am alone… what’s wrong with me? I don’t know why. I love you so but, I don’t know how to tell you about it! What can I do for my feel now? I’am confused, I’am afraid… it’s so flat. I think you are the best for me. A sweet moment, when I’m besaid you. But, sometimes you make me disappointed. I MISS YOU… thank for all about it, you have make me loving you until the end of my life ^^

Example of Narrative Text Story “Bawang Merah Bawang Putih”

BAWANG Putih lived with her step mother and her step sister, Bawang Merah. Bawang Putih’s mother died when she was a baby. Her father remarried another woman and later her step sister was born. Unfortunately, not long after that her father died. Since then, Bawang Putih’s life was sad. Her step mother and her step sister treated Bawang Putih badly and always asked her to do all the household chores.

One morning, Bawang Putih was washing some clothes in a river. Accidentally, her mother’s clothes were washed away by the river. She was really worried so she walked along the river side to find the clothes. Finally she met an old woman. She said that she kept the clothes and would give them back to Bawang Putih if she helped the old woman do the household chores. Bawang Putih helped her happily. After everything was finished, the old woman returned the clothes. She also gave Bawang Putih a gift. The old woman had two pumpkins, one pumpkin was small and the other one was big. Bawang Putih had to choose one.

Bawang Putih was not a greedy girl. So she took the small one. After thanking the old woman, Bawang Putih then went home. When she arrived home, her step mother and Bawang Merah were angry. They had been waiting for her all day long. Bawang Putih then told about the clothes, the old woman, and the pumpkin. Her mother was really angry so she grabbed the pumpkin and smashed it to the floor. Suddenly they all were surprised. Inside the pumpkin they found jewelries. “Bawang Merah, hurry up. Go to the river and throw my clothes into the water. After that, find the old woman. Remember, you have to take the big pumpkin,” the step mother asked Bawang Merah to do exactly the same as Bawang Putih’s experience. Bawang Merah immediately went to the river. She threw the clothes and pretended to search them. Not long after that, she met the old woman. Again she asked Bawang Merah to do household chores. She refused and asked the old woman to give her a big pumpkin. The old woman then gave her the big one. Bawang Merah was so happy. She ran very fast. When she arrived home, her mother was impatient. She directly smashed the pumpkin to the floor. They were screaming. There were a lot of snakes inside the pumpkin! They were really scared. They were afraid the snakes would bite them. “Mom, I think God just punished us. We had done bad things to Bawang Putih. And God didn’t like that. We have to apologize to Bawang Putih,” said Bawang Merah.

Finally both of them realized their mistakes. They apologized and Bawang Putih forgave them. Now the family is not poor anymore. Bawang Putih decided to sell all the jewelries and used the money for their daily lives.

Example of Narrative Text Story “TIMUN MAS”

Long time ago in the island of Java, Indonesia, lived a couple of farmer.  They had married for some years but they had no children.  So they prayed to a monster called Buta Ijo to give them children.  Buta Ijo was a ferocious and powerful monster.  He granted their wish on one condition.  When their children had grown up, they had to sacrifice them to Buta Ijo.  He liked eating fresh meat of human being.  The farmers agreed to his condition.  Several months later the wife was pregnant.

She gave birth to a beautiful baby girl.  They named her Timun Emas.  The farmers were happy.  Timun Emas was very healthy and a very smart girl.  She was also very diligent. When she was a teenager Buta Ijo came to their house.  Timun Emas was frightened so she ran away to hide. The farmers then told Buta Ijo that Timun Emas was still a child.  They asked him to postpone.  Buta Ijo agreed.  He promised to come again.  The following year Buta Ijo came again.  But again and again their parents said that Timun Emas was still a child.

When the third time Buta Ijo came their parents had prepared something for him.  They gave Timun Emas several bamboo needles, seeds of cucumber, dressing and salt.
‘Timun, take these things’

‘What are these things?’

‘These are your weapons.  Buta Ijo will chase you.  He will eat you alive.  So run as fast as you can.  And if he will catch you spread this to the ground.  Now go!’

Timun Emas was scared so she ran as quickly as she could.  When Buta Ijo arrived she was far from home.  He was very angry when he realized that his prey had left.  So he ran to chase her.  He had a sharp nose so he knew what direction his prey ran. Timun Emas was just a girl while Buta Ijo was a monster so he could easily catch her up.  When he was just several steps behind Timun Emas quickly spread the seeds of cucumber.  In seconds they turned into many vines of cucumber.  The exhausted Buta Ijo was very thirsty so he grabbed and ate them.  When Buta Ijo was busy eating cucumber Timun Emas could run away.

But soon Buta Ijo realized and started running again.  When he was just several steps behind Timun Emas threw her bamboo needles.   Soon they turned into dense bamboo trees. Buta Ijo found it hard to pass.  It took him some time to break the dense bamboo forest.  Meanwhile Timun Emas could run farther.

Buta Ijo chased her again.  When he almost catch her again and again Timun Emas threw her dressing.  This time it turned into a lake.  Buta Ijo was busy to save himself so Timun Emas ran way.  But Buta Ijo could overcome it and continued chasing her.

Finally when Timun Emas was almost caught she threw her salt.  Soon the land where Buta Ijo stood turned into ocean.  Buta Ijo was drowned and died instantly

Reference :

http://www.redorbit.com

buku bahasa inggris SMP untuk kelas IX. Akasia Citraprima.2010

http://suka2.com/cerita-narrative-text-bahasa-inggris-bawang-merah-bawang-putih.html
http://www.lokerseni.web.id/2012/02/dongeng-timun-mas-dalam-bahasainggris

Tugas Softskill Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Nama            : Indah Faridah
kelas             : 4EA15
NPM             : 13209454
Mata Kuliah : Softskill Bahasa Inggris 2

The Noun Phrase

The noun phrase is a group of words that ends with a noun. It can contain determiners (the, a, this, etc.), adjectives, adverbs, and nouns. It cannot begin with a preposition. Remember that both subjects and complements are generally noun phrases.

A. Count and Uncountable nouns
1. Countable nouns are nouns that can be calculated, which can indicate the quantity or number, eg noun pen can be counted one, two, or three pens.
Examples of nouns that can be counted: cat, dog, man, baby, person, animal, bottle, box, coin, cup, plate, table, chair, bag, glass, books, house, etc. Objects that are all around us generally are objects that can be counted.

example countable nouns:
- We could see a ship in the distance.
- I have to brothers, John and Mark.
- I've got a problem with the car.
- Do you like these photos?
- I'm going out for five minutes.

2. Uncountable nouns (also called mass nouns) is the opposite of countable nouns, ie nouns that can not be calculated, for example, the noun water. Nouns can not be said to be a water or two of water, but is more appropriately used along with other nouns that can be counted, for example a glass of water or two glass
of water.
Examples of nouns that can not be calculated: sand, water, rice, sugar, cheese, tea, coffee, advice, assistance, fun, money, music, art, love, etc.

example uncountable nouns:
- Can I have some water?
- Shall we sit on the grass?
- The money is much better in my new job.
- I love music.
- Would you like some coffee?

• Consider a few records of countable and uncountable nouns below :

1. Much and many equally mean a lot, used to express the amount of the countable and uncountable nouns. Many are used for countable nouns and lies
preceded it, while much is used for uncountable nouns.
example:
- How many years have you lived in Surabaya?
- She did not have much fun at the Tunjungan Plaza.
- I have not got many pens.
- I have not got much rice.

2. Number and amount has the same meaning that the amount or number. Number is used for countable nouns, while the amount for uncountable nouns.
example:
- My teacher gives me a large number of assignments.
- My teacher gives me a large amount of homework.
- We have been friends for a number of years.
-They give us an amount of money.

3. Few and little have the same meaning, namely a bit. Few used for countable nouns, while little used for uncountable nouns.
example:
- The party has attended by a few men.
- There is only a little milk on the table.
- I've got a few dollars.
- I've got a little money.
- Few people understand the difference.

4. Fewer and less have the same meaning, namely a bit. Fewer is used for countable nouns, while less is used for uncountable nouns.
example:
- This kind of job will give you fewer dollars.
- He pays me less money than I thought.
- Fewer birds came this year.
- Doctors recommend eating less salt.

5. Some and any have the same meaning that multiple, normally used to express the number of indeterminate on countable nouns (plural) or uncountable nouns.
example:
- I've got some money.
- Have you got any rice?
- I've got some dollars.
- Have you got any pens?

Countable nouns can be singular or plural form.
- My cat is playing.
- My cats are hungry.

Countable nouns are singular may be preceded by words this, that, every, each, either, and Neither, whereas the plural is usually preceded by these words, those, some, any, enough, and the zero article. See also notes and examples above.

Generally, uncountable nouns can not be made plural, unless it is accompanied by other types of words.
- There are new wines being Introduced every day.
- The waters of the Atlantic are much warmer this time of year.
- The Dutch are famous for their cheeses.

Countable nouns can be preceded by a, an (indefinite article) for the singular and the (definite article) for singular and plural.

If the form is singular countable nouns, then the use of words such as a, an, the, my, this, etc.. should be used.
- I want an orange. (Can not say I want orange.)
- Where is my bottle? (Not to say Where is the bottle?)

But, if countable nouns plural form, then the noun it can stand on its own:
- I like oranges.
- Bottles can break.

Sometimes uncountable singular nouns that end also treated using a singular verb.
- This is very important news.
- Your luggage looks heavy.

Indefinite article a, not commonly used in an uncountable nouns.
- A piece of news (not a news)
- A bottle of water (not a water)
- A grain of rice (not a rice)

So, it should be said in front of her testimony. Note the following other examples.
- There has been a lot of research into the causes of this disease.
- He gave me a great deal of advice before my interview.
- They've got a lot of furniture.
- Can you give me some information about uncountable nouns?

Uncountable nouns are often used with no article (zero article)
- Poetry is beautiful.
- Sugar is sweet.
- Experience is the best teacher.

Uncountable nouns can be preceded by the word some, any, enough, this, that, and much. And because it is not countable nouns can not be preceded by these words, those, every, each, either, and Neither. See more notes and examples above. It is important to know whether a noun is included in countable nouns or uncountable nouns. This will allow us to recognize what type of words that can be put around it.

Renference :

http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/01/countable-and-uncountable-nouns.html

http://dindarifiyani.blogspot.com/2012/11/about-noun-phrase.html

www.google.com.

Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Nama   : Indah faridah
Kelas   : 4EA15
NPM   : 13209454
Tugas  : Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

"PASSIVE VOICE"

 

Passive Voice

A.    The meaning of Passive voice

The passive voice is a grammatical construction (specifically, a "voice"). The noun or noun phrase that would be the object of an active sentence (such as Our troops defeated the enemy) appears as the subject of a sentence with passive voice (e.g. The enemy was defeated by our troops).

B.    Use of Passive

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

Example:  My bike was stolen.

In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.

Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:

Example:  A mistake was made.

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).

C.    Formula Passive voice :

Subject + be + Verb₃ + by + Object + modifier

Example: A letter was written.

D.    When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

1.     the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence

2.     the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)

3.     the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped).

Examples of Passive

Tense		Subject	Verb	Object
Simple Present	Active:	Rita	writes	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	is written	by Rita.
Simple Past	Active:	Rita	wrote	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	was written	by Rita.
Present Perfect	Active:	Rita	has written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	has been written	by Rita.
Future I	Active:	Rita	will write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	will be written	by Rita.
Hilfsverben	Active:	Rita	can write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	can be written	by Rita.

Examples of Passive

Tense		Subject	Verb	Object
Present Progressive	Active:	Rita	is writing	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	is being written	by Rita.
Past Progressive	Active:	Rita	was writing	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	was being written	by Rita.
Past Perfect	Active:	Rita	had written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	had been written	by Rita.
Future II	Active:	Rita	will have written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	will have been written	by Rita.
Conditional I	Active:	Rita	would write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	would be written	by Rita.
Conditional II	Active:	Rita	would have written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	would have been written	by Rita.

Passive Sentences with Two Objects

Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.

	Subject	Verb	Object 1	Object 2
Active:	Rita	wrote	a letter	to me.
Passive:	A letter	was written	to me	by Rita.
Passive:	I	was written	a letter	by Rita.

.

As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.

E.    Personal and Impersonal Passive

Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.

Example: They build houses. – Houses are built.

Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction – therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive.

Example: he says – it is said

Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).

Example: They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men.

Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.

Example: They say that women live longer than men. – Women are said to live longer than men.

The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).

Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence.

Refrensi :

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive

http://badaiardiat.blogspot.com/2011/01/pengertian-passive-voice-dan-contohnya.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice