Kelas : 4EA15
NPM : 13209454
Tugas : Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2
"PASSIVE VOICE"
Passive Voice
A.
The
meaning of Passive voice
The passive voice is a grammatical
construction (specifically, a "voice"). The noun or noun phrase that
would be the object of an active sentence (such as Our troops defeated the
enemy) appears as the subject of a sentence with passive voice (e.g. The enemy
was defeated by our troops).
B.
Use
of Passive
Passive voice is used when the focus is
on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is
performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In
the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not
know, however, who did it.
Sometimes
a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following
example shows:
Example: A mistake was made.
In
this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame
anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).
C.
Formula
Passive voice :
Subject + be +
Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Example:
A letter was written.
D.
When
rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
1. the
object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
2. the
finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
3. the
subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or
is dropped).
Examples of Passive
|
Tense
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object
|
|
|
Simple
Present
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
writes
|
a
letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
is
written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
|
Simple
Past
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
wrote
|
a
letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
was
written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
|
Present
Perfect
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
has
written
|
a
letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
has
been written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
|
Future
I
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
will
write
|
a
letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
will
be written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
|
Hilfsverben
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
can
write
|
a
letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
can
be written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Examples of Passive
|
Tense
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object
|
|
|
Present
Progressive
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
is
writing
|
a
letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
is
being written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
|
Past
Progressive
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
was
writing
|
a
letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
was
being written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
|
Past
Perfect
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
had
written
|
a
letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
had
been written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
|
Future
II
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
will
have written
|
a
letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
will
have been written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
|
Conditional
I
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
would
write
|
a
letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
would
be written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
|
Conditional
II
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
would
have written
|
a
letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
would
have been written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Passive Sentences with Two Objects
Rewriting an active sentence with two
objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject,
the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject
depends on what you want to put the focus on.
|
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object
1
|
Object
2
|
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
wrote
|
a
letter
|
to
me.
|
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
was
written
|
to
me
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Passive:
|
I
|
was
written
|
a
letter
|
by
Rita.
|
.
As you can see in the examples, adding by
Rita does not sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.
E. Personal and Impersonal Passive
Personal Passive
simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the
passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form
a personal passive.
Example:
They build houses. – Houses are built.
Verbs
without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive
sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive
sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need
an impersonal construction – therefore this passive is called Impersonal
Passive.
Example:
he says – it is said
Impersonal
Passive
is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In
English, Impersonal Passive is
only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).
Example:
They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer
than men.
Although Impersonal
Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.
Example:
They say that women live longer than men. – Women are said to live longer than
men.
The subject of the subordinate clause
(women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put
into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive
construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).
Sometimes the term Personal Passive
is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to
become the subject of the passive sentence.
Refrensi
:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice
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